Case of law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case of law - Essay Example In 1981, the accused was convicted on eight counts by the Crown Court at Birmingham that included one count of manslaughter. Later on, the accused appealed against the conviction of manslaughter that was dismissed by the court of appeal. I strongly agree with the court's decision in this case. This agreement is based on a reasonably through understanding of the principles of causation. One basic thing about law is that it is a vibrant and continually evolving institution that is open to relative interpretations. However, it is imperative for this institution to retain a sense of stability amidst this continuity by rejecting to compromise on some fundamental concepts that include the principles of causation. The decision of the court in this case is justified in the sense that it emphatically refused to allow a relative interpretation of the basic and long standing principles of causation and reinforced the need for an adherence to the long cherished fundamentals of causation. Sine qua non or 'but for' is the fundamental limb of any causation test. This initial step in establishing causation in the given case reveals without doubt that the death of the girl would have never occurred 'but for' the situation unleashed by the appellant. Infact her death was the culmination of a long chain of events initiated and perpetuated by the appellant.

Alexander the Great Essay Example for Free

Alexander the Great Essay Alexander III the Great was a King and a conqueror of the Persian Empire. He was known as one of the greatest military prodigies of all time. He inspired many, such as Hannibal the Carthaginian, the Romans Pompey, and Napoleon. He was born around July 20, 356 B. C. in Pella, which is the prehistoric capital of Macedonia. Alexander was the son of Phillip II, King of Macedonia, and of his fourth wife Olympias, an Epirote princess. Alexander’s childhood revolved around his father. He spent most of his time watching his father transform Macedonia into a great military power. He also watched them win victory after victory on the battlefields of Balkans. At the age of twelve he showed his father and bystanders his equestrian skills when he tamed Bucephalus, a wild stallion. Thereafter, he would ride him into every major battle. At age sixteen Alexander’s father left him in charge to rule Macedonia while he invaded Thrace. During the invasion, a Thracian tribe bordering North Eastern Macedonia rebelled and became a threat to the country. Alexander created and lead his army against the rebels and defeated the Maedi and renamed it Alexandropolis. Two years later, Alexander’s father gave him a high ranking position among his senior generals as the Macedonia army invaded Greece. Not long after the Macedonian army defeated the Greeks at Chaeronea, Alexander’s parents separated and the family split. King Philip later married Cleopatra, an aristocratic Macedonian girl. Shortly thereafter, Alexander and his mother, Olympias, fled the country to Epirus after Alexander had an altercation with his stepmother’s uncle, General Attalus and his father, King Philip. The General commented at King Philip and Cleopatra’s wedding banquet that the couple would one day give birth to a â€Å"legitimate heir† a child of pure Macedonian blood. Alexander became enraged and threw his cup at the General. In turn, King Philip drew his sword and charged toward Alexander. Years later, Alexander returned to Macedonia, but lived in isolation and remained removed from the Macedonian court. In the spring of 336 BC, while the Persian invasion was going on, King Phillip was assassinated by a Macedonian noble Pausanias. Both ancient and modern historians questioned why he was killed. There are accusations that he was murdered because he denied the Pausanias justice and sought support in punishing Cleopatra’s uncle Attalus for his early mistreatment. There are also claims that Olympias and Alexander were responsible for the assassination. Philip’s dream of conquering the Persian Empire would now rest in the hands of his successor, his 22-year old son, Alexander III. Once Alexander succeeded his father as King of Macedonia, he ordered the execution of all of his native enemies. He also found himself embroiled in a series of rebellions against the conquered nations who saw their opportunity to gain independence due to his father’s death. Alexander had to act quickly to diffuse these uprisings by bringing the Illyrians, Thracians, and the Greeks back under Macedonian rule. Alexander would go on to display his military power by entering into three great battles; the Battle of Granicus, the Battle of Issus, and the Battle of Gaugmela. His total attention was focused on invading Asia and conquering that territory. As Alexander sailed to the Asia Minor’s Coast, he threw a spear while on board that stuck into the ground. When Alexander stepped onto shore he pulled the spear from the ground and pronounced that all of Asia would be defeated by that Macedonian spear. The Macedonians defeated the Persians, but the Greeks held their ground and fought back. Nevertheless, the Macedonians were victorious. Eighteen thousand Greeks perished on the banks of Granicus and 2,000 survivors were captured and sent to Macedonia as forced laborers. The second great battle was the Battle of Issus. The Macedonians came across the Persian armies under the authority of King Darius III in Northwestern Syria. The Macedonians were critically outnumbered, but the battle ended in a great win for Alexander. Tens of thousands of soldiers were killed from the opposing side and King Darius fled in desperation, leaving his family behind. The third Battle was the Battle of Gaugamela. In this battle, Alexander received support from Europe, restructured his forces, and set out for Babylon. Alexander seized lands between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and established the Persian army at the plains of Guagamela. It is estimated that the army consisted of one million men. Once again, Darius and Alexander met on the battlefield and just as he did in the battle of Issus, Darius fled in defeat. This time he fled to Ecbatana in Media. The Macedonians burned the royal palace in Persepolis several months thereafter, finishing the termination of the ancient Persian Empire. Alexander would continue to pursue King Darius to Persepolis, but would discover that he had been assassinated by another enemy. Out of respect for King Darius, Alexander gave him a royal funeral. Years later, Alexander and 80 of his closest friends married Persian noblewomen. He began to promote marriages between non-native soldiers and native women. The Macedonians did not like this idea. One of Alexander’s desires was to unify the Macedonians and Persians and form a mixed breed elite army that would be attached only to him. Sadly, this would never come to be. Shortly before beginning his Arabian campaign, Alexander became ill, with a fever, after attending his friends Medius of Larisa’s party. His illness worsened day by day and got so bad that he couldn’t move or speak. On June 7, 323 BC, Alexander passed away. Alexander the Great died at the age of 33 without naming a successor to the Macedonian Empire. Once again, the Greeks rebelled and started up a war known as the Lamian War. The Macedonians were defeated and were forced to split into four kingdoms, Seleucus (Asia), Ptolemy (Egypt), Lysimachus (Thrace), and Antipater’s son Cassander (Macedonia, including Greece).

Over Expansion Of Money Supply Economics Essay

Over Expansion Of Money Supply Economics Essay Inflation is commonly understood as a situation of considerable and quick general increase in the prices of the currency over a period of time. The general prices are measured through price indices. The trend of prices reveals the course of inflation or deflation. Inflation is statistically measured in terms of percentage increase in the price index- usually a year or a month. Economist Harry Johnson defines as a substained rise in price. Inflation rises because of rise in the price of the imported commodities like oil, gold, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Effects of Inflation: Middle class family will be in trouble if a price of things rises faster than their income. Inflation reduces the value of an investment if returns are inadequate to compensate. Attack of Inflation often goes hand in hand with inflamed economy. Sustained inflation also has long-term effectsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. If money is losing its value than businessmen and investors will not invest money for long time. This effects on nations productive capacity. It can cause a rapid economic slow-down. Types of inflation: There are main 5 catagories which devides inflation in several parts. According to rate of inflation According to nature of time-period of occurance According to the scope or coverages According to governments reaction According to the causes According to the rate of inflation: Moderate inflation-(a) creeping inflation (b) walking inflation Running inflation Galloping inflation Hyper inflation Moderate inflation: When prices rise by less than 10% (single digit inflation rate) per annum, running inflation occurs. According to Prof. Samuelson, it is a stable inflation and not serious economic problem. it doesnt interrupt the economic balance. Peoples expectations remain more or less stable in moderate Inflation. Interest rate is never too low or -ve in this situation so money plays its role as a future investment tool. Creeping Inflation: When price rises not more than 3% it is called creeping inflation. It is the mildest form of inflation and also known as a mild inflation or low inflation. Walking Inflation: When the rate of rising prices is more than the creeping inflation is known as walking Inflation. When prices rise more than 3% but less than 10% per annum than its walking inflation. Running Inflation: When the movement of prices speed up rapidly, running inflation emerge. Running inflation may record more than 100% rice in a decade. Thus, when prices rise more than 10% a year, it is called Running Inflation. Double-digit inflation of 10-20% per annum is called running inflation. Galloping Inflation: If prices rise by double or triple digit inflation rates it is called galloping inflation. When prices rise more than 20% and less than 1000%, galloping inflation occurs. It is also referred as JUMPING Inflation. India is facing this inflation since second 5 year plan period. It is very serious problem. It causes economic distortions and disturbances. Hyper Inflation: In this case, prices rise every moment and there is no limit to the height to which prices might rise. Therefore, it is difficult to measure its scale as prices rise by fits and starts. In statistic terms when prices rise more than 1000% it is caalled Hyper Inflation. There is atleast a 50% price rise in a month so that in year it rises about 130 times. It represet the pitiable fall in peoples purchasing power. It is generated by immese monetary disorder. It is monetary disease. The velocity circular of money increases very fast. Causes of Inflation: Increase in money supply: Inflation is caused by an increase in the supply of money which leads to increase in demand.higher the growth of nominal money supply, higher the inflation. Increase in disposable income: When disposable demand increases demand will increase which will emerge inflation. Over expansion of money supply: Remarkable degree of correlation between the increase in money supply and the rise in the price level mayb be observed. Increase in Exports: When the demand for domestically produced goods increase in foreign country raises the earnings of the industries producing export commodities. Cost-push Inflation: Here the supply of goods and services are stopped for some or other reason while the demand remains unchanged. This push is cost. Generated by the factors like wages, profit and material cost in turn this increases the cost of production and ultimately the price of product and services. Demand-pull Inflation: Here peoples demand is continuosly rising and the supply is unchanged or same. Here people are ready to pay for the demanded goods to satisfy their need. Calculation of inflation: Inflation can be calculated by many methida but main 3 methods areà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. CPI- Consumer Price Index WPI- Wholesale Price Index PPI- Product Price Index CPI- Consumer Price Index measures changes in the price level of  consumer goods  and  services  purchased by households. It can be used to index the real value of wages, salaries, pensions, for regulagting prices and for deflacting monetory magnitudes to show changes in real value. CPI=updated cost/base period cost*100 WPI- Wholesale Price Index WPI is the price of a representative basket of wholesale goods. The indian WPI figure is released every 10 days and influances stock and fixed priced markets. WPI focuses on the price of goods traded between corporations rather than goods bought by consumers which is measured by CPI. The purpose of the WPI is to monitor price movements that reflect supply and demand in industry, manufacturing and construction. In India WPI is the indicator for inflation rate. PPI- Product Price Index This index measures the pressure on producers due to change in cost of raw -materials. Inflation Rate = (Po-P-1)*100/P-1 Here, Po= the present average price of goods and services. P-1=the price of the products and services existed last year. Trend of inflation since 1991 to 2012 Year Annual Rate 1990-1991 13.81 1991-1992 11.88 1992-1993 6.31 1993-1994 10.24 1994-1995 10.22 1995-1996 8.98 1996-1997 7.25 1997-1998 13.17 1998-1999 4.84 1999-2000 4.02 2000-2001 2.72 2001-2002 3.8 2002-2003 3.4 2003-2004 5.4 2004-2005 6.4 2005-2006 4.4 2006-2007 5.3 2007-2008 4.7 2008-2009 12.44 2009-2010 10.2 2010-2011 9.4 2011-2012 1.4(till July) Reasons of the Inlation in 1990s: Increase in international oil price. Natural disasters like drought or flood showed an ebbing trend. The main problem of inflation came to head in August 1990. When iraq invaded Kuwait the prices of oil doubled in international market. Trade deficit in 1991 rose to 15600 cores. India borrowed from IMF. C:UsersmaitriDownloadsindia-inflation-rate.png (source: www.google.com) Reasons for Inflation in early 20th century: Increase in oil prices twice during the period. Adverse effects of deficiency of agricultural products led to increase in price ofà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Oilseeds and Edible oil. In 2008, Inflation was because of rise in fuel prices, and rise in prices of primary articles. Global food prices also registered a marked rise during this period. Trend of Inflation rates since 1991-2012: In 1990-91, the inflation rate rose by 12.1% and got constant at double digits in consecutive year it means India faced Running Inflation. Similarly Running Inflation India faced until Inflation rate fall to 5% in 1995-96. In 1998-99, there was again rise in prices and inflation was there. In 2002, Inflation was @ its low rating 1.6% but the upward trend become smooth and again the inflation became a cause for concern in the year 2004 when the point to point rise in inflation was 7.7%. In 2006, the Inflation was so high till the starting months of 2007. In 2008, infltion was there because of rose in price of oil and primary articles. Food inflation was there in 2008 as India is the primary importer of the food among the world. In 2009, food grain prices continued to be culprit behind the raising inflation year 2009. There was a great fall from 2008 to 2009 and it was -0.34% if there is negative inflation rate that means purchasing power of people increase but there is lack of supply. In 2010, there was rose in average rate by 1.64% and in 2011 there was rose of 3.16%. Correlation between gold price, crude oil price and dollar: Relation between gold and dollar: Gold and dollar both are global currancies. Many national banks hold dollars as a reserve currency. They both are considered stable and strong. If people are worried for the dollar which will may fall iin future than they should invest in gold. The relationship between both of them is inverse. Buying gold and selling dollar will have the effect of moving both prices inversly. As the dollars exchange value falls, it takes more dollar to buy gold so dollar gold price rises. When dollars exchange value rises due to any reason it takes fewer dollar to buy a gold. Gold and dollar relationship is strategic but not tactical. Dollar weknesses always turn into gold strength (in long term) but (in short term) gold and dollar both may can fall or rise together. When inflation rises people buy gold which make golds price up. Weakness of dollar make gold strong in long term scenerio and in short-term scenerio there maybe a condition that dollar and gold will rise and fall together. Whenever inflation comes people buy more and more gold which automatically rise the price of gold. Realtionship between Crude oil prices and dollar: (Chart from 1977 to 2003) Year Yearly Average 1991 $20.19 1992 $19.25 1993 $16.74 1994 $15.66 1995 $16.75 1996 $20.46 1997 $18.97 1998 $11.91 1999 $16.55 2000 $27.40 2001 $23.00 2002 $22.81 2003 $27.69 2004 $37.41 2005 $50.04 2006 $58.30 2007 $64.20 2008 $91.48 2009 $53.56 2010 $71.21 2011 $87.48 2012 $83.7 (estimated) Recent trend of crude oil and dollar: (8/18/2012) DX_CL_Correlation.jpg Increasing oil price results in increase of inflation. It impacts economy negatively. Higer oil prices are reflected in virtually every finished product as well as food and commodities in general. Crude oil is mainly traded in US dollar and when US dollar prices weakens the crude oil participants push the price of crude higher on the expectations. Effects on demand: Oil purchases are paid in dollars. However demand is dependednt on the domestic price of country which always fluctuate with chnages in dollar. So dollar depreciation reduces the oil price in domestic currancy. This leads to an increase in their real income and an increase in their oil demand. Therefore, the dollar depreciation a priori has a positive impact on oil demand and should contribute to raise the price. Effects on supply: Dollar changes affect the price as supposed by the producers less than the one apparent by demanders. Dollar depreciation can activate inflation and income in oil producer countries, the currencies which are linked to US dolalr. The increase in inflation and the decrease in purchasing power reduce the real disposable income and therefore the income available for drilling, everything else equals. Overall, a dollar depreciation may result in a reduction in oil supply. Overall, depreciation of dollar causes an increase in oil demand and a reduction in supply, mainly on the long run, which tends to boost oil price. Realtionship between Gold, Crude oil and dollar in inflation: An increase in oil price resukts in inflation which affects the countries those importing oil.it affects the prices in general economy. According to a study, the global resource of oil is depleting at an annual rate of 6 per cent while demand is growing at an annual rate of 2 per cent. Era of cheap oil is over now but now we have to see impact of oil prices on dollar and gold. Up to 1971 central banks were giving facility of converting dollar into gold. When this facility was removed, oil producing countries converted dollar into gold. There is positive relation between gold and oil since last 5 years. With recent increase in oil, relationship between gold n oil is not moving in cycle. if the price of oil increase due to supply and demand mismatch and dollar declines than gold/silver price will increase.

Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance vs. Truth :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet: Appearance vs. Reality One of the most famous and popular authors and script writers is William Shakespeare. Shakespeare has always been able to create interesting characters and one of the reasons they are so interesting might be that they are complex people with their inner selves differing from their outer selves. Are the characters in Hamlet the same on the inside as they appear to be on the outside? The characters in William Shakespeare's Hamlet can be studied in a manner relating to appearance versus reality. Some of these characters are Claudius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Hamlet. One character who enables us to examine the theme of appearance versus reality is Claudius, the new King of Denmark. In Act One, Scene Two Claudius acts as though he really cares for his brother and grieves over the elder Hamlet's death. This is shown in his first speech addressed to his court, "and that it us befitted/To bear our hearts in grief, and our whole kingdom/To be contracted in one brow of woe" (Shakespeare I22-4). It is shown further on in the same speech when he says, "our late dear brother's death" (Shakespeare I219). However, this is not how Claudius truly feels about his brothers death, for Claudius is the one who murders elder Hamlet. We see the proof of this in Claudius' soliloquy when he appears to be praying; "O, my offence is rank, it smells to heaven./It hath the primal eldest curse upon't/A brother's murder" (Shakespeare III336-38). Another love which Claudius fakes is the love he has towards his nephew and stepson, Hamlet. In his first speech to his court Claudius tells Hamlet not to leave for school but to remain in Denmark; "It is most retrograde to our desire/And we do beseech you, bend you to remain/Here in the cheer and comfort of our eye" (Shakespeare I2114-117). However, later in the play Claudius develops a plan to send Hamlet away from Denmark with the aid of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern; "And he [Hamlet] to England shall along with you [R & G]" (Shakespeare III34). Claudius also refers to himself as "Thy loving father, Hamlet" (Shakespeare IV350) but when Hamlet is out of the room a few moments later Claudius has a complete change of face in which he reveals his plan to have Hamlet executed; "Our sovereign process, which imports at full/By letters congruing to that effect/The present death of Hamlet" (Shakespeare IV363-65). Even the love Claudius showed for Gertrude can be questioned in its validity. Claudius, near the beginning of the play, appears to be happy about

Professional nursing boundaries Essay

Nurses known as a caregiver and provide close relationship not only between patient and the hospital but also for other healthcare profession such as doctors and assistant medical officer and also between communities. Their services are very important and therefore they performing â€Å"heart† in the medical and healthcare service provision in Malaysia. Due to the rapidly changing in Malaysia healthcare environment, the nurses are required to provide care through their extended roles and provide services rendered by other healthcare professional in order to complement the health service to the population. Therefore, Malaysian nurses have become aware for legal and ethical issues that have impacted on their practise and recognised the importance of practice that have legal and ethical principle thus promoting competency and decision making. In Malaysia itself, most of the major population still choose to get treatment from government. It is because government hospital provides good quality service in healthcare, provide an advances technologies, provide skilled staff, sophisticated equipment beside the cheapest service that they get. In the healthcare service nowadays, professional boundaries are important issues and have been a quite popular topic. Basically, if we search an internet pertaining to professional boundaries we always often get the result are mainly about interactions between nurses and patient or client. According to College of Registered Nurse of British Columbia (no date), urged that within the nurse and client relationship, the client relationship are often vulnerable because the nurse has influenced, access to information, and specialized knowledge and skill. If the nurse does not use her judgement carefully they tend to misused their power. 2(wrds count 263) Like other health care service, nurses can cause harm to patient if they do not full fill their needs. To provide a safest care to patient, nurses must know the concepts of professional boundaries. This boundary also defined as a professional relationship are sharing or gave other profession or nurse their work based on cooperation and team work among them. ‘Professional boundaries in nursing are defined as limits which protect the space between  the professional’s power and the client’s vulnerability’ stated by (Nursing & Midwifery Board of Australia, 2010 p1). However, also quoted by Nursing and Midwifery Council (no date, p1) ‘that boundaries in nursing also define as the limits of behaviour which allow a nurse or midwife to have a professional relationship with a person in their care’. Within this assignment I intend to explore the problem encountered in both relationship and professional boundaries between the perioperative nurse and the general anaesthesia nurse (GA nurse). This assignments objective are also to gain knowledge and experience between the Ga nurse and perioperative nurse. I am a trained staff nurse currently work as a general anaesthetic nurse for almost 10 years in the tertiary hospital situated in Kota Kinabalu. I have my post basic in advance diploma of anaesthesia after I finish my 1 year course in anaesthesia field. I noticed that there is a boundary in my workplace between the perioperative nurse and the general anaesthesia nurses, the boundaries are mainly traditional boundaries. But even though the work task is different but the main purpose is for patient safety and quality of work. Basically perioperative nurse are working in the operating theatre.Their roles are to assist surgeon in various surgical procedure, and also helping patient comfortable before surgery. Scope of perioperative work also widening by helping patient after and post operatively. This nurse helps the smoothness of the surgical procedure. A scrub nurse and circulating nurse is specially trained nurse who work with surgeon in the operating room. Most of our scrub nurse and circulating nurse are very experienced, skilful nurses and most of them already had their advance diploma in perioperative nursing. In my workplace I identified a traditional blurred boundaries pertaining to my practice area. The blurred boundaries are identified in some operating room setting between the circulating nurse and general anaesthesia nurse. In my workplace the general anaesthesia nurse will be allocate in each of operating room setting. The general anaesthesia nurse will assists the anaesthesia doctor during the induction of anaesthesia, giving medication, setting intravenous line, anchoring endotracheal tube also to keep patient calm and safe before the induction of anaesthesia. Normally, the GA nurse  tends to have an advance training in anaesthesia such as certificate in anaesthesia where we will get after 1 year attend post basic in anaesthesia. In Malaysia, we had to have the certificate before we can work in the operating theatre as a GA nurse. As quoted by Lukosius et al (2004, p523), ‘to be a good nurse in practice, the organization must have legislation and protected titles for clinical nurse specialist, nurse midwives, and nurse anaesthetist, so they can work according to their standard practice’. Working in the operating room is about team work among the various types of healthcare such as nurses, assistant medical officer, surgeon, anaesthetic doctor and also hospital attendance. Each of them plays their roles in the operating theatre by providing service direct and indirectly. This team work among the health care services are the strength of all organizations but the boundaries within this working area a still been taking care and are respected. Blurred boundaries that I identified happen in my workplace are due to some problem such as shortage of staff and because of an ineffective inter-professional working. The Ga nurse and the perioperative nurse have tried to worked together and share task based on common practice or skill, but the job description are still remain unclear. Both of them are still not understands about their placing parameters. Because of the unclear job description and not understanding the role ambiguity is created and misunderstanding can arise. As quoted by Rushmer et al (2005,p.80) said, ‘when the limits (boundaries) of sharing are ignored, nothing is clear and certainty is lost, the ability of collaboration to prepare realistically for their work together is gone where one of the parties ends up doing all the work, or all the unpleasant parts of the work’. Miers et al (2009) revealed, that the nurses are key to the success of inter-professional team. The effective of inter-professional also mentioned in the NMC code of conduct (2008), where the competencies that set by a mentor able to maintained professional boundaries and coordinate learning in an working environment and in an inter-professional working. Because shortage of staff especially nurses, some of the general anaesthesia  nurse are need to cover more than one operating room at the same time. When GA nurse are needed in the other operating room, the circulating nurse who worked in that particular operating room will had to act as a GA nurse. At the other hand GA nurse also can act as a circulating nurse when the job is compromised. As stated in NMC code of conduct (no date), ‘a nurse had to have advance skilled as well as increased knowledge’. Even though the circulating nurse does not have experience and skill as a GA nurse, it is they responsibilities to learn and gain knowledge and skill as a GA nurse. In Malaysia Nursing code of conduct (1998.p2), quoted ‘that nurses are responsibilities and accountability for her owns nursing judgement and action. When delegating work, the nurse remain accountable for the work done and appropriate supervision and support and guidance to be given to her’. The circulating nurse needs to be supervised and teach by the senior nurse who had the experienced or qualified as a GA nurse before she act and helped as a GA nurse. Also quotes by Nursing and Midwifery council (no date), ‘nurses must always be aware of their limits and ability and role boundaries, acknowledge their professional limitation and make accountable for their decision making and ability to work in a safe and effective manner’. This is reflected in the following paragraph of the Code of Conduct (2008), which states that ‘the nurse must have the knowledge and skill for safe and effective practice when working without direct supervision, recognise and work within limit, keep knowledge up to date and take part in learning and practice that maintain and develop your performance and competencies’. Although the nurses considering working in the position not related to their job, they have to fulfilled their task even though their do not have required registerable in that possess. For example although a registered nurse may work in operating theatre as a GA nurse or circulating nurse, they must not necessary to have a post basic course and qualified anaesthesia course. The environment also influenced the role of professional boundaries in my workplace. The nurses who work in operating theatre are abiding by nursing policies and regulations. In the operating theatre we also have our standard of practice called standard operating procedure where all the  nurses will follow the standard of practice procedure while performing their job. According to Brown (1998), Read (1999), Hamric (2000), Styles & Lewis (2000) cited in Lukosius et al (2004, p522), quotes’ that environment influence the development boundary in nursing roles, including work environment, policies and procedure, scope of practice, work schedule and work practice can influence the new roles in nursing practice’. Creating boundaries is a good way to keep professional relationship among the GA nurse and the perioperative nurse. The professional relationships are based on trust, respect, meeting the need of client and the appropriate use of power. According to National Council of State Boards of Nursing (no date) quotes, ‘that the power of a nurses comes from his/her professional position’. According to Retzklf (2012), when nurses show respect to each other, professional task, patient safety and nurse feeling of being part of the team are improved. However study has done by Lowe et al (2013), he suggest that once other staff fam iliar with the task given and their role, they are more comfortable working with other colleagues. Convesly, when nurse do not acknowledge of each other, competence or disregard their suggestion , unhealthy competitive attitudes can develop, colleagues can began to mistrust each other and the nurses can lose their interest in the nursing profession. Most nurses are aware of of blurring boundaries in professional practice but they still need to touch other professional discipline with permission and with clear instruction due to the role uncertainty and role ambiguity. As quotes by Alberta Association of registered nurse (2005, p.3),‘that a registered nurse in any role can ensure that professional boundaries are respected by applying the following guideline to their nursing practice as appropriate for their role’. This happen in my workplace where the perioperative nurse and the Ga nurse will work according to our nursing practice standards. Health providers can choose to change or develop new disciplinary boundaries after identified new areas of work according to their interest of work such as an advance practitioners nurse in anaesthesia or as a clinical nurse to gain more knowledge and skill in their own field. According to Chang et al (2011,p3), that the advance practice nurse position is a result of changing healthcare  needs and positive effects from this new roles have been widely document, improve patient out came and increased patient satisfaction. But in Malaysia there are still challenges in developing and implementing of advance practice nurse role. I hope there will be implement in the future. However, according to Witz (1992) cited in Nancarrow et al (2005) revealed his theory working in workforce in four direction; diversification, specialization, horizontal substitution and vertical substitution allow any healthcare provider to change their disciplinary boundaries and identified a new areas of work. Boundaries are important in successful professional project. It is good to have boundaries among health care workers but it is has to be in the positive way and within limits. Boundaries are also important for staff well-being , staff can develop wider expertise, gain knowledge of the new role and skills, contribute actively to new development, provide cross over and for effective client service.

Human Competition According Adam Smith and Karl Marx

â€Å"Human competition† according to â€Å"Adam Smith† is brought about by â€Å"selfish interests† (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495).â€Å"Adam Smith† made this extremely clear when he said that â€Å"the free decentralized action of economic agents in a system of competition and private property brings advantages for each of them†¦each one moved by his selfish interest† (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495). Interestingly, this is an unconscious thought of an individual according to â€Å"Adam Smith† (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495).Causes of Human Competition According to Adam Smith â€Å"Adam Smith† said that competition was actually brought about by individual’s pursuit of a better life (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495). People constantly find ways to reach their objectives not only to satisfy their own selfish interests but to enhance ones personal condition as well (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495).Consequences of Human Competition According to Adam Smith What’s good about the unconscious desire of man to achieve self-interest is that, eventually, he or she will not only achieve a better life but that of others in the society as well (Ebenstein & Ebenstein, 2000, pp. 494 – 495).Human Competition According to Karl Marx â€Å"Human competition† according to â€Å"Karl Marx† is determined by his or her material conditions (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.). â€Å"Karl Marx† stated that â€Å"human competition† is highly related to the satisfaction of simple economic needs (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Causes of Human Competition According to Karl Marx Meanwhile, the following are some of the causes of â€Å"human competition† according to â€Å"Karl Marx†:First of all, â€Å"human competition† according to â€Å"Karl Marx† sprouted from â€Å"man’s existence† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.). It means that the existence of man requires satisfaction of human economic needs and so the aforementioned cause â€Å"human competition† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Furthermore, the historical act technically referred to as â€Å"the act of producing the means to satisfy human economic needs† also brought about â€Å"human competition† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Last but not least, survival is another cause of â€Å"human competition† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.). â€Å"Karl Marx† explained that since man â€Å"enters into a conscio us relation with nature for survival†, then he or she obliges himself or herself to â€Å"produce his or her means of subsistence† which eventually leads to human competition (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).Consequences of Human Competition According to Karl Marx The following are some of the consequences of â€Å"human competition†:First of all is that it leads to the â€Å"division of society into economic classes† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.). For instance, in the â€Å"means of production†, â€Å"human competition† already exists because there are two types that exist, namely: â€Å"1) owners or the capitalists; and 2) non-owners of the means of production or the workers† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).These two types compete for ownership with regards to anything that may be utilized to â€Å"produce material needs and maintain existence† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).In addition to that, since â€Å"human competition† is highly related to the â€Å"mode of production†, it has also led to the â€Å"determination of the totality of the social superstructure† (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.). Simply put, â€Å"human competition† then also determines the composition of the State as well as political institutions (Marx’s Theory of Human Nature: Alienation, n.d., n.p.).

How Can an English Literature Course Help Me to Write a Worthy Paper

How Can an English Literature Course Help Me to Write a Worthy Paper How Can an English Literature Course Help Me to Write a Worthy Paper? WhÃ'â€"lÐ µ wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng Ã' Ã ¾mÐ µÃ'• nÐ °turÐ °llÃ'Æ' to some Ã'€Ð µÃ ¾Ã'€lÐ µ, others have tÐ ¾ mÐ °kÐ µ Ã' Ã ¾nÃ'•Ã' Ã'â€"Ð ¾uÃ'• Ð °nd concentrated Ð µffÐ ¾rts to craft a worthy paper. It doesn’t concern Ð ¾nlÃ'Æ' thÐ µ wÐ ¾rdÃ'•, but Ð °lÃ'•Ð ¾ the fÐ ¾rmÐ °ttÃ'â€"ng, spelling Ð °nd grÐ °mmÐ °tÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °l Ð µrrÐ ¾rÃ'• thÐ °t Ð ¾ftÐ µn overfill the students Ð µÃ'•Ã'•Ð °Ã'Æ'. There is a numbÐ µr of rÐ µÃ °Ã'•Ð ¾nÃ'• fÐ ¾r thÃ'â€"Ã'•, hÐ ¾wÐ µvÐ µr they Ã' Ã °n be Ã' Ã ¾rrÐ µÃ' tÐ µd effortlessly wÃ'â€"thin a short period Ð ¾f time. In the case of containing a lot of mistakes, the Ð µÃ'•Ã'•Ð °Ã'Æ' could nÐ ¾t receive a good mark. It Ã'â€"Ã'• important tÐ ¾ make Ã'•urÐ µ that Ð °nÃ'Æ'thÃ'â€"ng frÐ ¾m a paper title to a full blown rÐ µÃ'•Ð µÃ °rÃ' h Ã'€Ð °Ã'€Ð µr Ã'â€"Ã'• Ã' Ã ¾rrÐ µÃ' t and rÐ µÃ °dÃ'• wÐ µll. English Literature Helps Students who have taken a course in English literature face these issues less or do not suffer from these problems at all. Why? Because they have been exposed to so many literary works that you can be assured, they can tell you even more on how to write a perfect paper. The Power of Reading Now taking an English Literature course provides you with a number of benefits. It is known that people, who read a lot, train their memory so that they can keep everything in mind. Moreover, their vocabulary is much more spread than a common student’s one is. They may even do not now all the rules on how to write properly, but they do this automatically. Such a course certainly helps them write more creatively and be more aware of the common errors and how to avoid them. Once you have read many books written by great writers, on different styles and on different issues, your mind is more open to new ideas, how to describe emotions, how to use the right word at the right time. What is most important, it teaches you how to be a lot more engaging with what you are writing about. Logical sequences and well-constructed sentences help to maintain the interest of the reader. As a result, your chances of submitting a worthy paper are far greater. Here are some common errors that can occur in the submitted term papers: Spelling Using spell check is not 100% reliable. Sometimes the context of the sentence can confuse the logic of a computer program. Be aware. Improper Person AlmÐ ¾Ã'•t every Ã'•tudÐ µnt hÐ °Ã'• a problem wÃ'â€"th writing Ã'â€"n the wrÐ ¾ng Ã'€Ð µrÃ'•Ã'€Ð µÃ' tÃ'â€"vÐ µÃ'• at Ã'•Ð ¾mÐ µ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'â€"nt or another. It Ã'â€"Ã'• a Ã' Ã ¾mmÐ ¾n Ã'€rÐ ¾blÐ µm, and Ã' Ã °n bÐ µ addressed with a lÃ'â€"ttlÐ µ bit of undÐ µrÃ'•tÐ °ndÃ'â€"ng. ThÐ µ two most Ã' Ã ¾mmÐ ¾n Ã'€Ð µrÃ'•Ã'€Ð µÃ' tÃ'â€"vÐ µÃ'• for wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng are thÐ µ first Ð °nd third Ã'€Ð µrÃ'•Ð ¾n. Fragments and Run-On Sentences Students commonly fÃ'â€"nd themselves Ð µÃ'â€"thÐ µr wÃ'â€"th a lÐ ¾ng wÃ'â€"ndÐ µd Ã'•Ð µntÐ µnÃ' Ã µ Ð ¾r ones thÐ °t are nÐ ¾t Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€lÐ µtÐ µ ideas. ThÃ'â€"Ã'• Ã'â€"Ã'• a vÐ µrÃ'Æ' Ã' Ã ¾mmÐ ¾n Ã'€rÐ ¾blÐ µm Ð °mÐ ¾ng professional wrÃ'â€"tÐ µrÃ'•. GÐ µnÐ µrÐ °llÃ'Æ', individuals would Ð µÃ'â€"thÐ µr have trÐ ¾ublÐ µs wÃ'â€"th Ð ¾nÐ µ or the Ð ¾thÐ µr, but Ã'â€"n Ã'•Ð ¾mÐ µ cases bÐ ¾th Ã'â€"Ã'•Ã'•uÐ µÃ'• Ð °rÐ µ a problem. Not Proofreading PrÐ ¾Ã ¾frÐ µÃ °dÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"Ã'• nÐ ¾t Ð °ll that fun Ð °nd no Ð ¾nÐ µ lÃ'â€"kÐ µÃ'• doing Ã'â€"t, but Ã'â€"t Ã'â€"Ã'• really important for a wÐ µll wrÃ'â€"ttÐ µn paper. AÃ'• wÐ µ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'â€"ntÐ µd out earlier, Ã'•Ã'€Ð µll check does nÐ ¾t Ã' Ã °tÃ' h Ð µvÐ µrÃ'Æ' tÃ'Æ'Ã'€Ð µ Ð ¾f Ð µrrÐ ¾r that Ã' Ã °n bÐ µ fÐ ¾und in typical wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng. It takes only a fÐ µw mÃ'â€"nutÐ µÃ'• to rÐ µÃ °d Ð ¾vÐ µr to make sure thÐ °t thÐ µÃ'Æ' Ð °rÐ µ complete thÐ ¾ughtÃ'•, have thÐ µ Ã' Ã ¾rrÐ µÃ' t wÐ ¾rdÃ'• and mÐ °kÐ µ Ã'•Ð µnÃ'•Ð µ.

Avatar Essays

Avatar Essays Avatar Paper Avatar Paper Essay Topic: Film The film Avatar is about an American corporation that is mining rare mineral called unobtainium that can only be found in Pandora. Jake Sully, a handicapped ex-Marine, has to operate an avatar and act as a bodyguard because his twin brother who was trained to operate an avatar was killed. Soon after, Jake was told to persuade the Native inhabitants of Pandora, the Navi, to move out of the way so that the corporation could mine the huge unobtainium deposit located under their home. After many experience living as a Navi, Jake managed to become one of their people. The corporation moved in to destroy the Navis home because Jake took too long. Once the Navis home was destroyed, Jake realized how evil the corporation was and rebels against the corporation. In the end, the Navi and Jake manage to gain victory over the Marines and the evil corporation. Many have criticized this film as racist because of the male protagonist being a white man. I dont think Avatar is a racist film at all. Personally I didnt feel offended that there were no Asians or African Americans in the film. If the Jake was played by a black man like Will Smith or Denzel Washington, then the ending would be spoiled because we watched enough Will Smith movies to know that he will save the Navi and end up being the hero. Using a not-so-well-known actor would question how the film would end. Also, Jake is not the only one who decides to change sides. The operations leader, Selfridge, also learns that what hes doing is wrong. The Vatican commentators gave Avatar negative comments, saying that the film gets dragged down by a spiritualism linked to the worship of nature. In this case, the Navi worship a goddess named Eewa. They are very religious beings that live in a gigantic tree. (LOsservatore Romano). I dont think the film was in any way offensive towards religion. The Navi were representatives of the Natives in our time, who were also very in touch with nature. The conservatives in the US claim that the movie is anti-American and anti-capitalist in its portrayal of humans as greedy creatures. I disagree with the conservatives. Greed is one of the true natures of humans. We are naturally greedy and want more then what we have already. James Cameron wasnt trying to offend the citizens of the United States but just trying show the nature of humans. The doctor in the film, Grace, was shown to be smoking throughout the entire movie. Smoke Free Movies, a campaign, took offence to this act. James Cameron states that he was making the character look evil. I agree with James Cameron when he responded to this comment by saying that we need to get used to modern times. If smoking is bad and shouldnt be shown in movies, then wouldnt that mean stealing and murder shouldnt be shown as well because its bad. The Marine Corps accused Avatar of stereotyping members of the Marines. I think that Avatar does stereotype members of the Marines. All the Marines in the movie kill the creatures and Navi without hesitation. When the Hometree was being bombarded, none of the ships backed out or even thought about disobeying except the girl. This shows how ruthless and greedy these men are. I would have made it so that more than just the girl back off from the attack just to show how sympathetic they are. All those people who wish Pandora is real are total losers. Its a science-fiction movie for goodness sakes. How can you criticize a movie by saying the alien planet doesnt exist. Some person even said he wanted to live like a Navi. I definitely disagree with their criticism towards Avatar. I cant believe people would actually become depressed because Pandora doesnt exist. Thats just plain stupid. All those people who wish Pandora need to go experience the world more. Besides, even if Pandora was real, Im sure theyd end up going there and getting killed.

Analysis And Appraisal Of Primark’s Performances

Analysis And Appraisal Of Primarks Performances Growth and survival are very often the majors’ objectives that guide businesses. Running a business is today and more than ever a risky venture because of the uncertainty of the environment and the strong competition that exist within markets. Organisations have to always come up with new strategies that will help them to achieve superior performances in order to stay in the competition or take competitive advantages. International organisations need therefore to strive more than the others to achieve high performances due to the globalisation effects. Last two years, achieving superior performances was not an easy task due to the economic crisis, leading businesses to be more concern about their survival rather than anything else. The retail sector in the UK was particularly affected by lower purchasing power of customers and many companies of the industry were fighting for their future. It was in this particular context of crisis that Primark one of the most recognise high street brand stand out, increasing their market share and achieving superior performance that made the headlines inside and outside the country. What were the strategies behind these outstanding performances? The present report will critically analyse and appraise Primark performances and the strategies used in order to achieve them. BACKGROUND Founded four decades ago in Ireland, Primark (also branded as Penneys in the Ireland Republic) is a clothing retailer operating in the European continent. The company which is a subsidiary of Associated British Foods plc (ABF) which also owns grocery brands such as Twinning and Silver spoon have an estimated total of 192 stores and operated in several European countries like the UK, Ireland, Spain, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal and Belgium. Since its creation, Primark come a long way to become as today one of the most favoured place to shop by women and men in the UK. The mission of the company quoted directly from ABF website can be extract ed from this statement â€Å"The mission of Primark is to supply quality clothing at prices perceived to offer real value†. Simply said, Primark mission is to make people look good at a lowest cost. This concept of value chain clothing has been one of the main drivers of Primark success over the decades. From its creation the company used a winning formula that is based on a competitive pricing model associated to a fast changing on the fashion pattern. The past decades saw an increase in number of high street brand that offer fashionable products adapted from the catwalk look at affordable prices and Primark was among those brands. A shift of the consumers behaviours toward value lead Primark to increase the number of its store over the decades in order to adapt with the shoppers pattern. A significant increase of this growth has also been an increase of the size of the stores with the average size rising from 16,000 sqft to 30,000 sqft. The opening of a 70,000 sqft store in a high profile place like Oxford Street boosted the Brand image as the UK leader of the value retailing. Also the significant amount invested by ABF in the opening of new stores and the extension of the existing ones helped Primark to achieve a massive transformation going from being a low price-brand with tertiary locations to become the leader of the value retailing in the UK. The recent downturn economic leading to consumers to be price conscious helped certainly the company to continue its growth and to report an increase of 20% in the 2009 profit. However the company was also the centre of a scandal in 2008 concerning the use of children as workers in its factories in Asia as well as the exploitation of overseas workers. Some critics even said Primark were able to achieve outstanding financial performance partially because of above factors that helped them to keep their production costs as low as possible.

Describe the political warfare between the federalist and their Essay

Describe the political warfare between the federalist and their opponents,the Jeffersonians ,during the 1790s, - Essay Example His objective was to rally national support for Hamiltons economic programs and creation of a strong national government. He formed acquaintances with like-minded supporters of independence or nationalists on realizing the need for vocal political support in the states. He used his network of treasury agents to bond friends of the government, especially bankers and merchants in the dozen major cities of the new nation. The Federalists Party became popular with businesspersons, mostly people from New England. Its distinguished representatives included Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, John Jay and author Noah Webster. The Jeffersonian Republicans on the other hand emerged within three years of the Constitution inauguration. Americans.net records that no longer able to agree to the various policies that President Washington advocated, Thomas Jefferson left the Cabinet in 1793. Together with James Madison and lesser figures in the infant federal government, they formed a coalition that took to the leadership of popular opposition to economic and financial programs of Alexander Hamilton. They feared the intense threat to the American experiment in popular self-governance by the broad interpretation of the Constitution advanced on their behalf, the policies of the first secretary of the Treasury, and the anti-populist reactions that some of Hamiltons supporters expressed. The opposition deepened after 1793 when Britain and revolutionary France entered into twenty years of war. It extended into foreign policy and marshaled a large enough portion of the population such that historians describe Jeffersonian Republicans as the first American political party. By 1792, newspapers started referring to Hamilton supporters as Federalists while they referred to Jefferson’s supporters as Democrats, Republicans, Jeffersonians or Democratic-Republicans. They were generally farmers and opposed a strong central government. The state networks of both Federalist and

Multilingualism or English Only Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multilingualism or English Only - Essay Example Multilingualism  is defined as the description of the possibilities of one person to function in different linguistic environments. However, the term â€Å"multilingualism† is widely applied to describe the relations between the communities in the limits of separate states or regions as well as on the level of international relations. In the given case this term is used to describe the ethnically and culturally heterogenous societies, which include different languages as well as traditions of tolerance and acceptance of other cultures and peoples. Here we meet the term â€Å"language diversity† that is defined as â€Å"‘range of variations exhibited by human languages† (Gorter et al 3). In the United States we can see many languages, which have different degree of spread and different status. The population of the USA now amounts to 300 thousand people not including the great number of illegal immigrants. America remains the most attractive country to mov e to for many immigrants, and the government of the United States can’t struggle with it. However, the great number of immigrants represents a threat for culture and language. The English language is still dominating as brought by colonizers centuries ago. In 2000 it was native for 82% of population. However, the situation is changing every day as the country does not have an official language. The majority of states recognized English as official, but some preferred Hawaiian, Spanish and French. The significant number of immigrants preserves their native languages and tries to spread them as much as it is possible. Despite of the strong support of the English language by the government, the number of those, who consider English to be their native language, decreases. The number of people, who speak other languages (Chinese, Russian, Spanish), increases accordingly. 3-4% of population does not know

Discussion 2 Week 10 The Assignment Model Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 2 Week 10 The Model - Assignment Example ce in the balanced assignment model, the supply and the demand at each source and destination are clearly determined and limited to one, decision makers are provided with the essential tools to solve the problem conveniently. Likewise, as described, when the problem is unbalanced, it is either that the supply exceeds demand, or the demand exceeds the supply (Taylor, 2010). There are several benefits which could be gained from using the assignment model. For one, the decision makers are provided with clear constraints that would facilitate the formulation of decision variables along the indicated expected demand and supply at source and destination. In addition, through a study written by Caulley (1982), it was revealed that the applicability of the assignment model is appreciated in situations where â€Å"there is a variable to be optimized, such as teacher satisfaction. In the example used to demonstrate the assignment model, students are assigned to teachers in a way that matches them up with the students they request as much as possible†¦ The author concludes that the advantages of these models are that they give a better solution than can be obtained by inspection and they take teachers wishes into account regarding assignment† (par. 1). In addition, since these type of problems could be solved using computer applications through Excel or Excel QM, the decision makers could be provided with accurate solutions at the soonest possible time – giving the user of the model the convenience and ease of arriving at the most viable solution within a limited time period. Caulley, D. (1982, February). The Use of Assignment and Transportation Models in Evaluation. Research on Evaluation Program. Paper and Report Series No. 68. Retrieved from eric.ed.gov:

Legal memoranda Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal memoranda - Research Proposal Example The episode has also attracted class action for damages under ss 82 of the Trade Practices Act by a number of customers, led by the Pharmacists Association of Australia. Can any agreed statement of facts between DIARCOR and the ACCC be used as evidence against DIARCOR in any subsequent civil damages proceedings that its former clients may be seeking to bring against it Any agreed statement of facts between DIARCOR and the ACCC is bound to cover issues that the former clients of DIARCOR may be seeking to bring against the latter. It is difficult to predict with certainty whether the statement of fact could be used as evidence by aggrieved clients. It depends on the nature and extent of punitive measures ACCC metes out to DIARCOR. It also depends on the contents of the statement of facts and the court's verdict. As statutory authority, ACCC is in the right position to consider damages under ss 45, 45A and 82 of the Trade Practices Act and submit a proposal to the court that must assuage the grievances of the clients besides settling with a deterrent fine for DIARCOR. (Focus on Competition Law July 2001) The statement of facts is not a single format. It comes in various forms. Ideally, statement of facts must leave no scope for dispute. However, this is not possible all the time. In some cases, there may be certain points of dispute or contention where the two parties have agreed to disagree for the time being, or which a statutory authority like ACCC has allowed to be left pending due to insufficient time or data with an undertaking to wrap up the pending issues within a certain time limit. (Preparation for Hearing) There is also the issue that DIARCOR cannot be tried two or more times for the same offence. The relevant factors that the Court will take into account when assessing the quantum of the pecuniary penalty The main charge against DIARCOR, DISY and CALENDEX is that they have been involved in the nefarious activity of price fixing for quite some time. The managing director of DIARCOR has informed that they have been involved in the price fixing cartel for about five years. The price fixing arrangements were done verbally in secret rendezvous so that they do not leave any paper trial. The court will rely on circumstantial evidence in the absence of material proof. The court will also go into the enormity of the contraventions under ss 45, 45A and 82 of the Trade Practices Act 1974. Under these subsections, the court will examine the extent of gains made by unfair means by the price fixing cartel under ss 45, evidence of the price fixing charges regardless of any loss to competition under ss 45A, and losses and/or damages suffered by competition due to the cartel and the quantum of penalties to be imposed on the cartel as fines under ss 45 and 45A (Local Government and the Trade Practices Act), and recoveries for loss suffered on behalf of the competition

Hybrid Cultural Object Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hybrid Cultural Object - Essay Example Language entails the sharing of ideas and thoughts from one person to the other. The culture of the language has been evolving from one community to another. The evolving nature of language has led to the object of communication being improved to a level of being termed as a hybrid language. The most common element of this tool is the use of signs and symbols to communicate. The use of signs has developed significantly due to the interaction of human beings from different regions around the globe. The pressure to find out an aspect of sign language that would unify different cultures in the region have led to the scientific study of signs; semiotics. Signs having been developing, and this study helps the human diversity to know how they are supposed to behave in a particular situation without there being a second person to engage in the verbal communication (Ipsen). The hybrid nature of communication in this state is that signs are being developed into a global unified way that every community get aligned to the communication base to one another. In other words, the signs developed are familiar to everyone around the globe. The global awareness and unity in communication have been established by the fact that there is an organised system that the signs follow. Since there is an organised way of communicating through the use of signs, every stakeholder in the signs language will follow the laid down system. The following of the laid down rules and regulations help different cultural groups to have a unified sign that helps in communication. When a person at one corner of the world sees an image or a picture representing, a situation will be able to give the meaning from the picture and interpret it. Therefore, a person can analyse the situation and act accordingly. It is the globally accepted picture that will help the reader to communicate accordingly in that situation. Signs as used in communication changes

Discussion 2 Week 10 The Assignment Model Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 2 Week 10 The Model - Assignment Example ce in the balanced assignment model, the supply and the demand at each source and destination are clearly determined and limited to one, decision makers are provided with the essential tools to solve the problem conveniently. Likewise, as described, when the problem is unbalanced, it is either that the supply exceeds demand, or the demand exceeds the supply (Taylor, 2010). There are several benefits which could be gained from using the assignment model. For one, the decision makers are provided with clear constraints that would facilitate the formulation of decision variables along the indicated expected demand and supply at source and destination. In addition, through a study written by Caulley (1982), it was revealed that the applicability of the assignment model is appreciated in situations where â€Å"there is a variable to be optimized, such as teacher satisfaction. In the example used to demonstrate the assignment model, students are assigned to teachers in a way that matches them up with the students they request as much as possible†¦ The author concludes that the advantages of these models are that they give a better solution than can be obtained by inspection and they take teachers wishes into account regarding assignment† (par. 1). In addition, since these type of problems could be solved using computer applications through Excel or Excel QM, the decision makers could be provided with accurate solutions at the soonest possible time – giving the user of the model the convenience and ease of arriving at the most viable solution within a limited time period. Caulley, D. (1982, February). The Use of Assignment and Transportation Models in Evaluation. Research on Evaluation Program. Paper and Report Series No. 68. Retrieved from eric.ed.gov:

Hybrid Cultural Object Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hybrid Cultural Object - Essay Example Language entails the sharing of ideas and thoughts from one person to the other. The culture of the language has been evolving from one community to another. The evolving nature of language has led to the object of communication being improved to a level of being termed as a hybrid language. The most common element of this tool is the use of signs and symbols to communicate. The use of signs has developed significantly due to the interaction of human beings from different regions around the globe. The pressure to find out an aspect of sign language that would unify different cultures in the region have led to the scientific study of signs; semiotics. Signs having been developing, and this study helps the human diversity to know how they are supposed to behave in a particular situation without there being a second person to engage in the verbal communication (Ipsen). The hybrid nature of communication in this state is that signs are being developed into a global unified way that every community get aligned to the communication base to one another. In other words, the signs developed are familiar to everyone around the globe. The global awareness and unity in communication have been established by the fact that there is an organised system that the signs follow. Since there is an organised way of communicating through the use of signs, every stakeholder in the signs language will follow the laid down system. The following of the laid down rules and regulations help different cultural groups to have a unified sign that helps in communication. When a person at one corner of the world sees an image or a picture representing, a situation will be able to give the meaning from the picture and interpret it. Therefore, a person can analyse the situation and act accordingly. It is the globally accepted picture that will help the reader to communicate accordingly in that situation. Signs as used in communication changes

Responsibilities of a paediatric first aider Essay Example for Free

Responsibilities of a paediatric first aider Essay Maintain your own safety Contact the emergency services Give accurate and useful information to the emergency services Support the casualty physically and emotionally Appreciate your own limitations Know when to intervene and when to wait for more specialist help to arrive. PEFAP 001 1.2: Describe how to minimise the risk of infection to self and others Wash your hands with soap and water before and immediately after giving first aid. If gloves are available for use in first aid situations, you should also wash your hands thoroughly before putting the gloves on and after disposing of them. (Plastic bags can be used when gloves are unavailable.) Avoid contact with body fluids when possible. Do not touch objects that may be soiled with blood or other body fluids. Be careful not to prick yourself with broken glass or any sharp objects found on or near the injured person. Prevent injuries when using, handling, cleaning or disposing of sharp instruments or devices. Cover cuts or other skin-breaks with dry and clean dressings. Chronic skin conditions may cause open sores on hands. People with these conditions should avoid direct contact with any injured person who is bleeding or has open wounds. PEFAP 001 1.3: Describe suitable first aid equipment, including personal protection and how it is used appropriately. (Print off your PPE report) All first aid boxes should have a white cross on a green background. Guidelines published by the National Association of Child Minders, NCMA, as well as Ofsted and experienced paediatric first aid trainers, recommend that the first aid box in a child care setting should contain the items listed include: 1 first aid guidance leaflet 1 large sterile wound dressing 1 pair disposable gloves 10 individually wrapped wipes 2 sterile eye pads 1 pair of scissors 1 packet hypoallergenic plasters – in assorted sizes 3 medium sterile wound dressings 2 triangular bandages 5 finger bob bandages (no applicator needed) 4 safety pins It is recommended that you do not keep tablets and medicines in the first aid box. PEFAP 001 1.4: Describe what information needs to be included in an accident report/incident record and how to record it. Details of all reportable incidents, injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences must be recorded, including: The date when the report is made The method of reporting The date, time and place of the event Personal details of those involved A brief description of the nature of the event or disease. Records can be kept in any form but must conform to data protection requirements . PEFAP 001 1.5: Define an infant and or a child for the purpose of first aid treatment. Paediatric first aid focuses on infants and children. An infant is defined as being from birth to the age of one year and a child is defined as one year of age to the onset of puberty. Children are however different sizes and a small child over the age of one may be treated as an infant. Similarly puberty can be difficult to recognise, so treat the child according to the age that you think they are, larger children should be treated with adult techniques. PEFAP 001 3.2: Describe how to continually assess and monitor an infant and a child whilst in your care. Remember your ABC and continue to monitor the infant or child in your care until you can hand over to a doctor or paramedic. A is for AIRWAY : check that the airway remains open. Always monitor a child while in recovery position. B is for BREATHING: Check that breathing is normal and regular. C is for CIRCULATION: check the pulse (if you are trained and experienced) but ensure you take no more than ten seconds to do this: (a) In a child over one  year : feel for the carotid pulse in the neck by placing your fingers in the groove between the Adam’s apple and the large muscle running from the side of the neck . (b) In an infant: feel for the brachial pulse on the inner aspect of the upper arm by lightly pressing your fingers towards the bone on the inside of the upper arm and hole them there for five seconds. PEFAP 001 4.1: Identify when to administer CPR to an unresponsive infant and a child who is not breathing normally. CPR should only be carried out when an infant or child is unresponsive and not breathing normally. If the infant or child has any signs of normal breathing, or coughing, or movement, do not begin to do chest compressions. Doing so may cause the heart to stop beating. PEFAP 001 4.3: Describe how to deal with an infant and a child who is experiencing a seizure. Witnessing a child having an epileptic seizure is a very unpleasant experience, particularly the first one. However, some young children experience what is termed a Febrile Seizure which is brought on when the child has a high temperature or infection. Recognition Stiffening of child’s body Twitching of arms and legs Loss of consciousness May wet or soil themselves May vomit or foam at the mouth Usually lasts for less than five minutes May be sleepy for up to an hour afterwards Treatment Protect them with cushioning or padding- do not hold them down. Cool them down by removing some clothing. When the seizures stop, place the child in the recovery position and monitor signs of life. If they become unresponsive or the seizure lasts for more than 5 minutes then you must call 999/112 for an ambulance. PEFAP 001 5.1: Differentiate between a mild and a severe airway obstruction. A mild airway is usually a partial obstruction, it means the entire airway is not closed off, so air is able to pass by the obstruction,  and the victim can respond and cough forcefully , or may wheeze between coughs. In a serer airway obstruction, the airway is completely blocked off and the victim cannot breathe because air cannot pass by the object. PEFAP 001 5.3: Describe the procedure to be followed after administering the treatment for choking. The child may experience difficulties after having treatment for choking-for example, a persistent cough or difficulties with swallowing or breathing. It is important to monitor and assess the child’s condition and to seek medical help if the problem persists. PEFAP 001 6.1: Describe common types of wounds. A cut (incision): This can be caused from a sharp edge, such as a tin can ,that can lead to a lot of bleeding. A torn wound (laceration): is a jagged wound that can be caused by a broken toy, a fall or collision. Graze or abrasion: cause by friction or scraping, generally happens when children fall. Bruises or contusion: is bleeding underneath the skin. The blood collects and results in a black/blue mark. Children often have bruises on their skin, chin and head from knocking themselves or falling. Soft tissue bruises should be investigated if you have a concern about them. Puncture wound: cause by the body being pierced by an object, for example , a child falling whilst carrying a pair of scissors. Velocity wound: cause by an item travelling at high speed such as a bullet from a gun. PEFAP 001 6.4: Describe how to administer first aid for minor injuries. With minor bleeding from cuts and abrasions the emphasis is on keeping the wound clean and to control any blood loss. Wear disposable gloves. Examine the injury for any embedded foreign objects. Clean the wound under fresh running water. Sit the casualty down. If they feel weak and unsteady, position them on the floor. Clean the skin around the wound with wet sterile gauze or sterile non-alcoholic wipes and carefully remove any grit or dirt. Do not remove any embedded object. Elevate the injury to control any blood loss. Dry the wound with sterile gauze and apply a plaster or sterile dressing. Advise the parent or guardian of the child or infant to seek medical attention if necessary. PEFAP 001 7.1: Describe how to recognise and manage an infant and a child who is suffering from shock. After an initial adrenaline rush, the body withdraws blood from the skin in order to maintain the vital organs – and the oxygen supply to the brain drops. The infant or child will have: Pale, cold, clammy skin that is oftern grey-blue in colour, especially around the lips A rapid pulse, becoming weaker Shallow, fast breathing. In an infant The anterior fontanelle is drawn in (depressed). In an infant or a child may show: Unusual restlessness, yawning and gasping for air Thirst Loss of consciousness The treatment is the same for an infant and a child. If possible, ask someone to call an ambulance while you stay with the child . Lay the child down, keeping her head low to improve the blood supply to the brain. Treat any obvious cause, such as severe bleeding. Raise the child’s leg and support them with pillows or on a cushion on a pile of books. Loosen any tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist to help with the child/s breathing. For an infant: hold the infant on your lap while you loosen her clothing and offer comfort and reassurance. Cover the child with a blanket or coat to keep her warm. Never use a hot-water bottle or any other direct source of heat. Reassure the child: keep talking to her and monitoring her condition while you wait for the ambulance. If the infant or child loses consciousness, open her airway, check her breathing and be prepared to give rescue breaths. Do not give the child anything to eat or drink: if she complains of thirst, just moisten her lips with water. PEFAP 001 7.2: Describe how to recognise and manage an infant and a child who is suffering from anaphylactic shock. During an anaphylactic reaction, chemicals are released into the blood that widen (dilate) blood vessels and  cause blood pressure to fall. Air passages then narrow (constrict), resulting in breathing difficulties. In addition, the tongue and throat can swell, obstructing the airway. An infant or child with anaphylactic shock will need urgent medical help as this can be fatal. The following signs and symptoms may come all at once and the child may rapidly lose consciousness: High-pitched wheezing sound Blotchy, itchy, raised rash Swollen eyelids, lips and tongue Difficulty speaking, then breathing Abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea If you suspect an infant or child is suffering from anaphylactic shock, follow the steps below: Call an ambulance. If the child has had a reaction previously, she will have medication to take in case of more attacks. This should be given as soon as the attack starts, following the instructions closely. Help the child into a comfortable sitting position to relieve any breathing problems and loosen any tight clothing at her neck and waist. Comfort and reassure her while you wait for the ambulance. If the child loses consciousness, open her airway, check her breathing and be prepared to stat rescue breaths. PEFAP 001 6.2: Describe the types and severity of bleeding and the affect it has on an infant and a child. Even tiny a mounts of blood can seem like a lot to a child. Any bleeding may frighten children because they are too young to realise that the blood loss will stop when clotting occurs. When a child loses a large amount of blood, he or she may suffer shock or even become unconscious. Platelets and proteins come into contact with the injured site and plug the wound. This process begins within ten minutes if the loss of blood is brought under control. There are different types of bleeding: Bleeding from arteries : This will pump blood from the wound in time with the heartbeat and is bright re in colour. If the bleeding from a major artery will lead to shock, unresponsiveness and death within minutes. Bleeding from veins: The bold will gush from the wound or pool at the site of the wound. This will depend on the size of the vein that has been damaged. The blood will be dark red in colour due to the oxygen being depleted. Bleeding from  capillaries: Oozing at the site as with an abrasion or maybe internally from a bruising to muscle tissue and internal organs. PEFAP 001 6.3: Demonstrate the safe and effective management for the control of minor and major external bleeding. With minor bleeding from cuts and abrasions the emphasis is on keeping the wound clean and to control any blood loss. Wear disposable gloves Examine the injury for any embedded foreign objects Clean the injured area with cold water, using cotton wool or gauze Do not attempt to pick out pieces of gravel or grit from a graze. Just clean gently and cover with a light dressing if necessary Sit the child down if they feel weak and unsteady, position them on the floor. Elevate the injury to control any bold loss Record the injury and treatment in the Accident Report Book and make sure that the parents/carers of the child are in formed. When a child is bleeding severely, your main aim is to stem the flow of blood. With severe wounds and bleeding the emphasis is on controlling blood loss and treating for shock. Wear disposable gloves Sit or lay the child down on the floor to help prevent shock Examine the injury to establish the extent of the wound and to check for any foreign embedded objects Try to stop the bleeding: Apply direct pressure to the wound: use a dressing or a non-fluffy material, such as a clean tea towel Elevate the affected part if possible: if the wound is on an arm or leg, raise the injured limb above the level of the heart Apply a dressing: if the blood soaks through, do not remove the dressing, apply another on top and so on Support the injured part and treat the child for shock. Keep them warm and do not let them have anything to eat or drink Call 999/112 for an ambulance and monitor the child’s condition Contact the child’s parents or carers If the child loses consciousness, follow the ABC procedure for resuscitation Always record the incident and the treatment given in the Accident Report  Book. Always wear disposable gloves if in an early years setting, to prevent cross-infection.

Loyalty Programs In The Success Of Hero Honda Commerce Essay

Loyalty Programs In The Success Of Hero Honda Commerce Essay Customer loyalty  is when an organization receives the ultimate reward for the way it interacts with its customers. Loyal customers buy more, buy longer and tell more people thats true customer loyalty. Although customer loyalty is often achieved through offers, discount coupons, rebates and other kinds of rewards, long-term customer loyalty can only be created by making your customers feel that they are your number one priority. Competitive advantage can be achieved through customer loyalty. This is the way to gain the best kind of customers, repeat customers. Repeat customers tend to spend more money and provide the best word-of-mouth advertising. Loyalty programs are structured marketing efforts that reward, and therefore encourage, loyal buying behavior behavior which is potentially of benefit to the firm. Customer loyalty,  not  customer satisfaction, is key to the success of an organization, and customer loyalty is fostered when an organization excels along two dimensions:    Design of its Products including its Service Products Operational Execution   or Conformance   to the Design Many companies focus on rewarding customers who have repeat purchases. Such reward programs have their place in assuring customer loyalty. However, if the product or service doesnt meet customer needs, no reward program will keep them returning. For success in the long run, an organization must: Continuously improve Quickly identify and resolve problems to the customers satisfaction or more The first step in customer loyalty research programs is formulating the objectives. Next, the current state of customer loyalty needs to be documented. That is, what is the satisfaction level and the defection rate? Then, data collection projects, such as survey questionnaires and other research tools, must be developed. The goal in these tools is to find out customers satisfaction level and how many customers are defecting. Customer Loyalty has become a catch-all term for the end result of many marketing approaches where customer data is used. We can say Relationship Marketing or Database Marketing or Permission Marketing or CRM, and it is trying to increase customer loyalty getting customers to choose to buy or visit more. All of the above approaches have two elements in common they increase both customer retention and the LifeTime Value of customers. Customer loyalty is the result of well-managed customer retention programs; customers who are targeted by a retention program demonstrate higher loyalty to a business. About Hero Honda Hero Hondas mission is to strive for synergy between technology, systems and human resources, to produce products and services that meet the quality, performance and price aspirations of its customers. At the same time maintain the highest standards of ethics and social responsibilities. Hero Honda is the only two-wheeler company in the country with a 100 per cent motorcycle exposure. Although its sales have grown at a good clip over the past year, a bigger motorcycle pie and greater competition has resulted in a fall in the companys market share-51 per cent in August 2001 to 47 per cent this August.   To counter the competition, the company is looking to create an intermediate category with its latest model, the 133-cc Ambition. This bike is targeted at users who wish to move to a high-end model but wouldnt like to shell out premium model prices. Hero Honda is taking it easy on launches. Besides Ambition, it is looking at a 200-cc bike next fiscal and a relaunch of CBZ, which has been steadily losing out to Bajajs comparable offering Pulsar. Says Sobti: We will move into launch mode only when we believe there is a demand for new products, not as an attention-getting tactic that will uselessly crowd the market. Instead, the company is focussing on maximising sales of its existing product basket. To this end, the company has upped ad spend over the past year. It offers a two-year warranty on all its motorcycles (the only two-wheeler manufacturer to do so). Another key initiative is a customer loyalty programme, Hero Honda Passport Programme. Subscribers are entitled to discounts on spares and service. Customer loyalty Programme in Hero Honda i.e Hero Honda Passport Programme Hero Honda Passport Programme The Hero Honda Passport Programme is open only to Hero Honda motorcycle owners/customers who are resident Indian nationals. It is not open to non-resident Indians, employees of Hero Honda Motors Limited, and its advertising agencies (Result: McCann and its respective subsidiary companies). The Hero Honda Passport will be issued in the name of an individual only, and not in the name of a company, corporate body or association of persons. The Hero Honda Passport will be issued only to individuals who are 18 years of age, or older. There is a non-refundable registration fee for the programme. Two passport-sized photographs must be attached to the application form. The Hero Honda passport is non-transferable. In case, an applicant is the second or subsequent user of the Hero Honda motorcycle, he/ she is required to submit a copy of the registration booklet, duly transferred, along with the Hero Honda Passport Application form. If any Hero Honda Passport holder loses his/her Hero Honda Passport, a new copy of the same will be issued to the member, on payment of the requisite fee. The Hero Honda Passport is valid only for three years from the date of issue. It will take minimum of 4 weeks, from the date of enrolling for the Hero Honda Passport Programme, to deliver the Hero Honda Passport. On becoming a Hero Honda Passport Programme member, the applicant authorises all the organisations, with which Hero Honda Motors Limited may finalise arrangements (including Hero Honda Motors Limited), to use data submitted by him/her for marketing and communication purposes, to enhance performance of the Hero Honda Passport Programme. In case of non-receipt of the Hero Honda Passport, it is mandatory for the applicant to intimate the Hero Honda dealership within 45 days from the date of application. In case of loss/theft of the Hero Honda Passport, the member must inform the Hero Honda dealership immediately. Hero Honda Motors Limited reserves the right to reject any application at its sole discretion, without assigning any reason. Hero Honda Motors Limited is not responsible for any damaged/mutilated/lost -in transit/incorrectly filled forms. All Hero Honda Passports, even after their issuance, remain the property of Hero Honda Motors Limited. Hero Honda Motors Limited will not accept responsibility for circumstances that are beyond its control, and that may cause a delay or inability to fulfill requests of the Hero Honda Passport holders. Hero Honda Motors Limited holds out no warranty, and makes no representation about the quality of the goods and services provided by partners in the Hero Honda Passport Programme, and will not be responsible if the goods/services are defective/ deficient/unsatisfactory, in any way. Hero Honda Motors Limited is not responsible for any liability incurred by the Hero Honda Passport holder, with respect to any aspect of the Hero Honda Passport Programme. In case of any disputes of differences in connection with the Hero Honda Passport Programme, the same shall be decided by arbitration. The arbitrator shall be the Managing Director, Hero Honda Motors Limited, or any person nominated by him. The arbitration shall be conducted as per the prevailing arbitration laws rules in New Delhi. Hero Honda Motors Limited shall not, in any way, be liable, or be under any obligation to the participant, if the Hero Honda Passport Programme is withdrawn or modified due to statutory enactments, and judicial/ quasi judicial orders. Hero Honda Motors Limited reserves the right to add, modify, withdraw or delete any of the rules, terms, conditions or the duration of the Hero Honda Passport Programme, with or without prior notice. How to use your Hero Honda Passport? Each time you visit an authorised Hero Honda dealership or service center, make sure that you carry your Hero Honda passport with you. Customer can accumulate points against purchase of spares, accessories and service at Hero Honda authorised dealerships / service centers. The Hero Honda passport will serve as a record book for keeping an account of the points accumulate by you. Each rupee you spend, at the dealership / service center, entitles you to one point. Customer can also earn bonus point when you come for a free service you visit the dealership ( at least thrice a year ), and make purchases worth Rs. 50 per visit.You refer your relatives and friends to purchase a hero Honda motorcycle. At the time of setting your bills, ensure that your Hero Honda passport is endorsed with the earned points. The more you earn your points, the more benefits you receive. What are the benefits of owning a hero Honda passport ? The accumulated points can be used to enjoy a host of special privileges and benefits from time to time. The moment customer receive its hero Honda passport, he is automatically covered for one year Accident Insurance RS 1 lakh. Customer become entitled for special rewards and discounts, the moment you accumulate the specified points, at any of the authorised hero Honda dealerships / service centers. Customer can also receive invitations to exclusive local events, such as movie shows, musical nights and carnivals. Periodic updates will be sent to you, from the hero Honda programmed center, with your point status. Special information and tips regarding your motorcycle, hero Honda Passport Program happenings and exclusive offers from other brands will also be sent to you along with the updates Hero Honda CRM programme Hero Honda has covered two million customers under passport programme. The passport programme builds enduring relationship with customer. It was rolled out nationally in 2001. According to the scheme, every rupee spent by the member translates into a reward point. These reward points can then be redeemed for gifts, the release adds. Hero Honda GoodLife Program We invite you to our Rishta Dil Ka bond to give us an opportunity to share what we have in store for you. All you need to be a resident Indian national, aged 18 years or above and you should be an owner of Hero Honda scooter or motorcycle to be a part of One of the largest customer relationship program in India. The Hero Honda GoodLife Program offers you great rewards, benefits and a range of exciting gifts, chosen especially for you. Becoming member of this exclusive program is simple and easy. All you need to be a resident Indian national, aged 18 years or above and you should be an owner of Hero Honda scooter or motorcycle. Simply follow the steps outlined below and you can start experiencing the privileges of being a member of Indias largest rewards program. Fill the fresh online application at the dealership. If you are a Hero Honda Passport member, kindly submit the Passport at the dealership. For three years membership and one year insurance cover pay a nominal membership fee of Rs. 150, or for three years membership and 3 years insurance cover pay Rs. 250. To know more call 1800112255 or write to us at [emailprotected] On successful enrolment, you will receive a Hero Honda GoodLife membership card which will help you earn points on all your spends at Hero Honda dealerships and service centres. You can accumulate points and redeem them for a range exciting milestone rewards. Rewards And Benefits The Hero Honda GoodLife Program is your very own passport to the good things of life. It brings you an easy to use privilege card that offers a host of special rewards and benefits. Providing you with fabulous returns on your spends, it is surely the most convenient way to complement your good life. Your world of rewards: WINNER OF THE MONTH REFERRAL POINTS FIRST TRANSACTION BENEFIT DISCOUNT ON SPARES ACCESSORIES POINTS EARNED ON MONEY SPENT FREE RIDERS PERSONAL INSURANCE GO GREEN SERVICE BONUS BONUS POINTS ON BIRTHDAY SPECIAL VALUE OFFERS Be A Hero Honda Good Rider Loyalty is demonstrated by the actions of the customer; customers can be very satisfied and still not be loyal. So, as a CRM strategy and for customer satisfaction they promoted themselves as Socially responsible company. Therefore as a socially responsible company they urgecustomers to join them in making this world a safer, healthier and more environment friendly place. At Hero Honda they like to promote the three Es. Engineering which is the right technology, specifically designed for Indian customer requirements, and road conditions. It is exemplified in the 4-stroke Hero Honda engines that give you amazing reliability and fuel-efficiency, year after year. We have always manufactures 4-stroke engines, ever since inception in 1985. Environment which is about ensuring that the high technology 4-stroke Hero Honda motorcycles continue to meet the most stringent pollution control norms at every level as they have since the very beginning. Education which is about promoting comfortable and safe driving, through a wide dealer network and service centres; as well as in educating people on road safety, in association with the traffic police and the transport department. Do remember that you and your family are not only riders, but pedestrian as well. It is as part of the Hero Honda family that We Care to drive home the message of Road Safety and a Healthy Environment. Your Hero Honda, the environment and you. It is a three-way relationship that you should nurture, to reap the benefits for years to come. A well tuned bike keeps the environment healthy. Good riding practices will keep you healthy. Taking good care of your bike will always keep your bike healthy. Here are simple steps to a healthy bike, healthy environment, and a healthy you. Health and Environment Safety Facts and Information Social Responsibility We are certain that you too will take pride in being a true Hero Honda Good Rider . Success of loyalty program to the Hero Honda For the success of loyalty programme the organisation have to answer these parameters. Identify the key processes in building a loyalty program Create and map the loyalty business case by engaging all internal stakeholders and getting executive-level sponsorship Gain maximum internal support that drives truly commercial performance Turn customer insights into actionable marketing strategies Apply advanced customer segmentation and propensity modeling techniques Implement various financial planning tools for your loyalty program Maximize the marketing ROI of relationship chain and branding with your loyalty program Confidently reap the rewards of the loyalty program and, demonstrate and justify the success of your loyalty program Conclusion Customer Satisfaction and loyalty plays a major role in developing and promoting the company. Customer loyalty is an important factor, which affects the Financial position and Goodwill of the company. Customer demands are dynamic, but its consideration is necessary for every company to make existence into the market. Loyalty programs are increasingly gaining popularity in the Asia Pacific region. And company uses the various loyalty programmes like Hero Honda Passport Programme in Hero Honda. It is the CRM initiative taken by the company to: Brand awareness of Hero Honda motor cycles. Know about the time in which customers usually purchases bikes. Know about the effect of promotional schemes on customers. Purchase pattern of customers To know about the media through which customers come to know about the bikes For database. Encourage, loyal buying behavior behavior which is potentially of benefit to the firm. So these all loyalty programmes are very helpful in success of HERO HONDA.

Essay --

Gasoline and diesel fuels form the back bone of the present road transport. The internal combustion engine is being used in vehicles for the past 100 years approximately. But the problem with the engines is the limitation of fossil fuel reserves and the emissions of greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. These fossil fuels generate emissions of pollutants such as PM, Nox and CO which are hazardous to the human being. It is the need of the hour to vouch for other renewable energy sources to overcome the energy crisis and to achieve decarburisation, energy security and cleaner air to breathe. Fuel cells are the devices that convert chemical energy to electrical energy without the emissions of harmful exhaust gases.. This paper summarizes the configuration of the fuel cell hybrid vehicle. It briefly describes the function of each component and the losses occuring in each component. Fuel cells are the most quiet and reliable as they have no moving parts. The efficiency is about twice that of the internal combustion engine. [2]. There is no Carnot limitation as in case of IC engine. The most commonly used fuel cell is hydrogen fuel cell in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Hydrogen is a clean burning fuel. The exhaust is pure water. The combination of a fuel cell with a battery is studied in this paper. The hybridization of the fuel cell helps in reducing the size of the fuel cell and its initial cost but it increases the vehicle complexity, weight and the battery cost. At higher loads and greater acceleration, the battery provides surplus power and increases the fuel cell efficiency. At low loads the fuel cell is used to provide the required power. The battery is also used for the start up of the vehicle ... ...es by 2030. The cost of FCHEVs and BEVs are not largely affected by the changes in electricity costs, but the ICE and FCEV costs are greatly affected by the fuel cost. This occurs partially due to the different powertrain efficiencies. Comparing the overall lifecycle costs, it can be observed that FCHEVs and BEVs are cheaper as compared to FCEVs and ICEs. But the FCHEVs and BEVs are sensitive to the overall capital and running costs. For instance, the BEVs in particular are sensitive to battery size. The lifecycle costs of ICEs and BEVs are about 1.75 times higher than that of the FCHEVs and the BEVs. There are several challenges that are to be met in the near future for the FCHEVs to achieve commercialization, reliability, cost effectiveness and performance. Fuel cell hybrid vehicles can definitely be the clean technology used in the future of automotive engines.

Philosophy and Multiculturalism: Searle, Rorty, and Taylor Essay

Philosophy and Multiculturalism: Searle, Rorty, and Taylor ABSTRACT: John Searle opposes multiculturalism because he views it as part of a movement to undermine the concepts of truth and objectivity in the Western tradition. Richard Rorty disagrees with Searle about the relation between philosophical theories of truth and academic practices, but he is neutral on the issue of multiculturalism. Charles Taylor approaches the issue historically, defending multiculturalism as emerging from one branch of liberal political theory. I argue that the debate over epistemological and political issues has tended to obscure the educational benefits of multiculturalism. A multicultural curriculum works very well in fulfilling the traditional goals of education in philosophy. It can assist the teacher as Socratic "midwife" and "gadfly" in delivering students from their narrow and uncritical opinions and awakening them to a world of intellectual diversity. Thus, multiculturalism is not so much a recent movement as a new name for an old method of teaching. Philosophers have been slow to join the public debate on multiculturalism in spite of the important philosophical issues at stake. Notable exceptions are John Searle and Charles Taylor, who address the philosophical implications of the controversy over the curriculum in several recent essays. (1) Taylor defends multicultural education as a moral imperative of one branch of the liberal tradition, while Searle argues that a victory for multiculturalism would mean the destruction of the Western intellectual heritage. This paper will examine some of the arguments on both sides of the issue and propose an interpretation of multiculturalism as particularly significant for teaching philosophy. ... ...Recognition," in Multiculturalism. Amy Gutmann, ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), pp. 25-73. (2) "Rationality and Realism. . .," p. 69. (3) "The Storm over the University," p. 112. (4) Richard Rorty, "Does Academic Freedom Have Philosophical Presuppositions: Academic Freedom and the Future of the University," Academe (Nov.-Dec. 1994), p. 52. (5) Ibid., p. 61. (6) "Rationality and Realism . . .," p. 71. (7) Richard Rorty, "Hermeneutics, General Studies, and Teaching," Selected Papers from the Synergos Seminars, volume 2 (Fall, 1982), p. 112. (8) "The Politics of Recognition," pp. 69-72. (9) Ibid., p. 66. (10) Ibid., p. 70. (11) Ibid., p. 73. (12) For an exception see Lawrence Foster and Patricia Herzog, eds. Philosophical Perspectives on Pluralism and Multiculturalism (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1994).